S518 IC
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SAMSUNG S518 (S2MPU12X01) PMIC HARDWARE DIAGNOSTIC & REWORK GUIDE
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1. FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW & CIRCUIT BEHAVIOR:
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- Synchronous Buck Regulators:
* Converts the primary battery voltage (VBAT / VSYS 3.7V - 4.2V) into high-efficiency, ripple-free
low voltages:
- VDD_CPU / VDD_ARM: Dynamically scaled processor core voltage (approx. 0.75V to 1.15V).
- VDD_INT: Internal digital logic supply (approx. 0.85V to 0.95V).
- VDD_MIF / VDD_MEM: Memory controller and LPDDR RAM voltage (1.1V to 1.2V).
- Low-Dropout (LDO) Regulators:
* Over 20 internal LDO channels providing filtered 1.8V, 2.8V, and 3.0V rails for camera sensors,
AMOLED / TFT display bias, touchscreen digitizer, audio codec, and eMMC/UFS storage.
- Power Sequence & Boot Coordination:
* Interfaces with the power key line (pull-up circuit).
* Houses internal reset circuits (RESET_N, PS_HOLD) coordinating boot handshakes with the Exynos CPU.
* Controls power transition between USB Type-C charging input and battery power delivery.
2. COMMON BOARD-LEVEL FAULT SYMPTOMS:
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- Dead Device / No Boot (0.000A or Stagnant Low Current):
* When connected to a DC bench power supply at 4.0V, the phone draws 0.000A. Pressing the power
key causes zero response, or current rises to ~0.03A–0.08A and freezes completely without booting.
- Primary Short Circuit on VBAT / VSYS:
* Internal high-side switching MOSFET breakdown creates a direct short from battery line to ground
(0.000V in diode mode), causing the DC bench power supply to beep or trip immediately.
- Fake Charging / No Charging:
* Phone displays the charging lightning icon or battery percentage, but charging current remains 0.00A
or under 0.20A on the USB safety tester, causing the battery to drain instead of charging.
- Excessive Heat & Rapid Battery Drain:
* The S518 IC becomes hot even when the device is in standby or powered off, caused by internal silicon
breakdown or a shorted secondary LDO rail.
- Boot-Looping on Samsung Logo:
* Phone attempts to boot, displays the "Samsung Galaxy" logo, and instantly restarts due to voltage collapse
on CPU core buck inductors under processor load.
3. MULTIMETER DIAGNOSTIC & TESTING PROCEDURE:
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A. Cold Testing (Diode Mode - Battery & USB Cable Disconnected):
1. Set digital multimeter to Diode Mode. Place RED probe on motherboard ground (shielding frame) and
probe surrounding components with the BLACK probe:
- Main Battery / VSYS Input Capacitors: Normal reading is ~380mV to 480mV. (0.000V = dead short).
- Surrounding Buck Inductors (Large gray coils):
* CPU Core Coils: Normal reading is ~150mV to 260mV (low resistance is normal for CPU rails, but
must not read 0.000V).
* Memory / System Coils: Normal reading is ~300mV to 420mV.
- Peripheral LDO Capacitors: Normal reading is ~420mV to 650mV.
2. Short Isolation:
- If any coil reads 0.000V, apply rosin smoke across S518 and inject safe voltage (1.0V on CPU line,
or 3.8V on VBAT line with 1.5A limit). If S518 melts first, the IC is internally shorted.
B. Hot Testing (Motherboard Powered via Bench DC Power Supply or Type-C Cable):
1. Supply 4.0V to battery terminals:
- Check VBAT input capacitors around S518 for steady 4.0V DC.
- Power Key Test Point: Check for steady high logic (~1.8V to 3.8V). Pressing the power key must
drop this voltage to 0.0V.
2. Measure Buck Inductor Voltages on Power-On Trigger:
- VDD_ARM / CPU: ~0.8V to 1.1V DC.
- VDD_INT: ~0.9V DC.
- VDD_MIF: ~1.1V to 1.2V DC.
- VDD_IO: ~1.8V DC.
3. Result Evaluation:
- If input voltage and power-key trigger are confirmed, but all buck output rails remain 0.0V and the
IC shows no signs of life, the S518 IC is defective and requires replacement.
4. MICRO-SOLDERING, REBALLING & REWORK SPECIFICATIONS:
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- Thermal Protection:
* The Exynos processor and eMMC / UFS memory chips are located nearby on Samsung A21s / M12 boards.
Mask the CPU and memory completely using double-layer Kapton tape and heat-reflective aluminum foil.
- Desoldering (Chip Removal):
* Apply a small quantity of quality tacky flux (e.g., Amtech NC-559 or Relife) around S518 edges.
* Hot air rework parameters: Temperature 330°C – 345°C, Airflow 25% – 30%.
* Heat in even circular motions for 20 to 25 seconds. Gently nudge the IC corner with fine curved tweezers.
Once all solder balls melt completely, lift the IC vertically without scratching the PCB pads.
- Motherboard Pad Preparation:
* Add 183°C leaded solder wire (Sn63/Pb37) to the motherboard pads using a soldering iron at 280°C to
dilute the high-temp lead-free factory solder.
* Clean all PCB pads perfectly flat using copper desoldering wick and flux. Clean the area thoroughly with
99% Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) and inspect under microscope for missing or bridged pads.
- Stencil & Reballing:
* Use a dedicated Samsung A21s / M12 / S20 series stencil or a high-precision universal 0.35mm / 0.4mm
BGA stencil.
* Apply 183°C medium-viscosity solder paste evenly across all apertures.
* Heat with hot air at 280°C and low airflow (15%) until uniform, bright spherical solder balls form on all pads.
- Installation & Alignment:
* Apply a microscopically thin film of tacky flux on the cleaned motherboard pads.
* Position the S518 chip, ensuring Pin 1 orientation dot aligns precisely with the PCB silkscreen mark.
* Solder with hot air at 310°C – 320°C with 20% airflow. Allow the chip to naturally self-center via
solder surface tension.
* Give a micro-nudge with tweezers to verify free liquid floatation, then allow the PCB to cool naturally
for 3 to 5 minutes before applying DC power for testing.
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