SM5440 IC
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Product Details
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SILICON MITUS SM5440 HARDWARE & CHIP-LEVEL REPAIR GUIDE
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SECTION 1: FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE & CIRCUIT ROLE
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- Architecture: 2:1 Switched-Capacitor Direct Fast Charger with Integrated OVP.
- Operating Electrical Parameters:
* Input Voltage Range (VBUS): 4.0V to 11.5V DC (supports 5V, 9V, and 11V PPS).
* Withstand Voltage: 22V DC absolute maximum input breakdown protection.
* Maximum Charging Current: Up to 9.0A peak charging capability into battery.
* Conversion Efficiency: Up to 98% efficiency at heavy load (minimizes PCB heat).
- Charge Pump Mechanism:
* Alternates charge and discharge states across external high-voltage ceramic
flying capacitors (CFLY) at 50% duty cycle, cutting cable current in half and
reducing thermal losses by 75%.
- USB Port Management:
* CC1 / CC2 line orientation monitoring and USB power delivery protocol handshaking.
* Real-time USB port impedance and leakage measurement for "Moisture Detected"
safety cut-off.
- Telemetry & Diagnostic Interface:
* High-speed I2C serial bus (SDA, SCL, INT_N) linked to the Application Processor.
* Integrated 13-bit ADC monitoring VBUS, IBUS, VBAT, IBAT, and die temperature.
- Safety Protections:
* Over-Voltage Protection (OVP), Over-Current Protection (OCP), Reverse-Current
Blocking, Flying Capacitor Short/Open Detection, and Thermal Shutdown (TSHUT).
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SECTION 2: BOARD-LEVEL FAULT SYMPTOMS
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1. Persistent "Moisture Detected in USB Port" Warning:
- Samsung UI displays a water droplet icon with an audible warning tone,
disabling charging even when the Type-C port and sub-board flex are completely
clean and dry. Caused by internal analog leakage on the moisture sensing pins
inside SM5440.
2. Complete Phone Dead / Bench DC Power Supply Trips to 0V:
- High-side switching FET breakdown inside SM5440 dead-shorts the 9V-11V VBUS line
or internal PMID bus directly to ground, immediately tripping the charger
or bench DC supply.
3. Fast Charging Inoperative (Slow 5V Charging Only):
- The device charges at standard 5V 1.0A or 5V 1.5A via the primary PMIC, but
fails to initiate "Super Fast Charging" because the SM5440 charge pump fails
to activate.
4. Fake Charging / Battery Percentage Drops While Plugged In:
- Phone shows the charging lightning bolt icon, but current draw freezes below
0.10A on the USB meter due to cracked solder joints under the flying capacitors
or damaged SM5440 driver gates.
5. Severe Overheating Near the SIM Tray / Charging Area:
- Partially damaged charge-pump FETs produce massive internal leakage, raising
motherboard temperatures above 70°C during charging.
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SECTION 3: STEP-BY-STEP MULTIMETER TESTING & DIAGNOSTICS
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[A] Cold Testing (Diode Mode Readings - Red Probe on GND, Black Probe on Pin):
- VBUS Input Filter Capacitor (adjacent to SM5440):
* Normal Diode Value: 0.480V - 0.620V (480mV - 620mV).
* If < 0.030V: Direct VBUS short to GND.
- PMID High-Voltage Decoupling Capacitor:
* Normal Diode Value: 0.450V - 0.580V.
- VBAT Output Line (Direct battery rail connection):
* Normal Diode Value: 0.380V - 0.480V.
- Flying Capacitor Nodes (CFLY1 / CFLY2):
* Measure across both pads of each external CFLY capacitor. Neither side
should read 0.000V to ground. Normal diode reading: 0.420V - 0.550V.
- USB CC1 / CC2 Lines (Moisture Sense lines):
* Normal Diode Value: 0.550V - 0.700V (both lines must be balanced within ±15mV).
A short or leak (<0.200V) on CC lines triggers the permanent moisture warning.
- I2C Bus Pull-Up Resistors (SDA / SCL):
* Normal Diode Value: 0.420V - 0.520V.
[B] Hot Testing (Live Measurements with 25W USB-PD / PPS Charger Connected):
- Probe VBUS Input: Must measure steady 5.0V - 5.2V DC, rising to 9.0V DC upon
fast charge negotiation.
- Probe VBAT Output: Must match live battery voltage (3.8V - 4.35V DC).
- Verify 2:1 Voltage Ratio: Measure VBUS and VBAT simultaneously. VBUS must be
precisely 2x of VBAT (e.g., VBAT = 4.10V -> VBUS = 8.20V + IR drop).
- If VBUS stays stuck at 5.0V, inspect the I2C communication lines and check for
abnormal resistance on the CC lines.
[C] Rosin Smoke / Thermal Imaging Short Isolation:
- If VBUS or VBAT is shorted to ground, coat SM5440 and external CFLY capacitors
with rosin smoke.
- Inject 4.0V (current limited to 2.0A) onto the shorted trace.
- Rapid thermal melting directly over the SM5440 glass die confirms internal
silicon destruction requiring IC replacement.
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SECTION 4: SOLDERING, REBALLING & REWORK SPECIFICATIONS
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- Component Fragility:
* SM5440 is an ultra-thin, bare-die WLCSP component (~56 balls, 0.40mm pitch).
It is extremely fragile and susceptible to edge chipping, micro-cracks, and
heat distortion.
- Surrounding Component Shielding:
* Positioned near the Application Processor and primary PMIC. Always protect
adjacent components and plastic FPC connectors with two layers of high-temperature
Kapton tape and copper heat sinks.
- Desoldering Guidelines:
* Hot Air Station Temperature: 335°C - 345°C.
* Airflow Rate: 35% - 40% using a 5mm nozzle.
* Apply a small droplet of premium low-smoke tacky flux (Amtech NC-559-V2 or Kingbo).
* Direct hot air in smooth, continuous circular motions around the chip perimeter
for 15 - 20 seconds. Lift the chip vertically with precision curved tweezers
the instant all solder balls liquefy. Never apply lateral force to prevent
tearing delicate motherboard pads.
- PCB Pad Cleanup:
* Apply a tiny bead of Sn63/Pb37 leaded solder with a mini-chisel soldering iron
tip (320°C) to blend with high-temp lead-free factory solder.
* Planarize the PCB footprint using high-density copper desoldering braid until
all pads are completely mirror-flat.
* Clean thoroughly with 99.9% Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) and examine under microscope
for torn pads or bridging.
- Reballing Specifications:
* Stencil: Dedicated SM5440 / Universal WLCSP 0.40mm pitch BGA stencil.
* Solder Paste: Sn63/Pb37 (183°C melting point, Type 4 or Type 5 ultra-fine paste).
* Squeegee dried solder paste uniformly into the stencil apertures.
* Reflow using hot air gun at 280°C - 290°C with low airflow (20%) to form
uniform, spherical solder balls.
- Installation:
* Align the Pin 1 corner index dot with the white silkscreen alignment mark on the PCB.
* Apply an ultra-thin layer of tacky flux over the pads.
* Reflow at 335°C - 340°C with 35% airflow.
* Surface tension will automatically pull the chip into exact alignment. Give
an ultra-gentle micro-touch with tweezers to verify molten ball elasticity.
* Allow the motherboard to cool down naturally to room temperature before testing.
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